Separate Physics only. Use a sharp pencil and a ruler. Give each diagram a title and label it with ruled label lines. Tap 🔍 See examples to see how the diagram usually looks – pictures online vary, so if one disagrees with the instructions, follow the instructions. ← All key diagrams
97. The solar system
Draw the Sun on the left. Draw the eight planets in order, getting further away: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, with an orbit line for each. Draw the Moon next to the Earth and Pluto beyond Neptune. Label: “star”, “planets”, “dwarf planet (Pluto)”, “natural satellite (the Moon)”. Write: “part of the Milky Way galaxy”. Memory aid: My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming.
🔍 See examples
98. Life cycle of stars
Draw a flowchart that starts with one box, “nebula”, then “protostar”, then “main sequence star”. From there, split into two branches. Left branch (star about the size of the Sun): red giant → white dwarf → black dwarf. Right branch (much bigger star): red supergiant → supernova → neutron star or black hole. Label the main sequence box: “fusion outwards balances gravity inwards”, and the supernova box: “elements heavier than iron made and spread out”.
🔍 See examples
99. Orbiting satellite (HT)
Draw the Earth as a circle with a larger circular orbit around it. Draw a satellite at the top of the orbit. From the satellite, draw an arrow along the orbit (a tangent) labelled “velocity”, and an arrow pointing to the centre of the Earth labelled “gravitational force”. Draw the satellite again at the side with the same two arrows. Label: “speed constant, direction changing → velocity changing → accelerating towards the centre”.
🔍 See examples
100. Red-shift
Draw two horizontal rectangles, one above the other, each coloured violet on the left through to red on the right (or labelled “violet” and “red” at the ends). Draw four dark vertical lines on the top spectrum and label it “light from the Sun”. Draw the same four lines on the bottom spectrum, all shifted towards the red end, and label it “light from a distant galaxy”. Label: “lines shifted to longer wavelength – red-shift”, “galaxy moving away”, “further galaxies have more red-shift – universe expanding – evidence for the Big Bang”.
🔍 See examples
Check your drawings: Space physics notes | Fill the gaps: Space | Lesson: You Are Stardust | Teach the topic: Space
