← All topics | Forces topic page | Key: C+S = Combined and Separate · S only = Separate only · HT = Higher only | 🔍 = see example pictures (Google Images, SafeSearch on)
✏️ Topic summary – copy into your book
Forces are vectors: they have size and direction, and can be contact or non-contact. The resultant force on an object decides how its motion changes, as described by Newton’s three laws. Forces can stretch objects, do work and (S only) cause turning effects and pressure in fluids. Motion can be described with distance–time and velocity–time graphs. Stopping distance depends on thinking distance and braking distance. (HT) Momentum is conserved in collisions and explosions.
Lesson 1 – Scalars, vectors and resultant forces (C+S)
- Read and copy notes: Scalars and Vectors and Resultant Forces → notes and copy boxes.
- Copy definitions: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 1 “Scalar vs vector”, 2 “Contact vs non-contact force” and 4 “What is a resultant force?”
- Draw: Key Diagrams: Forces → diagram 48 (book on a table) 🔍, diagram 49 (car at constant speed) 🔍 and diagram 52 (contact and non-contact forces) 🔍. (HT) diagram 50 (scale drawing of a resultant) 🔍 and diagram 51 (resolving a force) 🔍.
- Fill the gaps: Fill the gaps: Forces → passage 1 (scalars, vectors and types of force).
- Practise: the questions on Scalars and Vectors and Resultant Forces.
Lesson 2 – Weight and work done (C+S)
- Copy definitions: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 3 “What is weight?” and 5 “What is work done? What is 1 joule?”
- Copy worked examples: Weight: W = mg → Q1 and Work done: W = Fs → Q1.
- See examples: 🔍 weight acting from the centre of mass.
- Fill the gaps: Fill the gaps: Forces → passage 2 (weight and resultant force).
- Practise: Q2–Q10 on both equation pages.
Lesson 3 – Forces and elasticity, and the spring practical (C+S)
- Read and copy notes: Forces and Elasticity → notes and copy box.
- Copy definitions: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 6 “Elastic vs inelastic deformation” and 7 “What is the limit of proportionality?”
- Copy worked example: Force on a spring: F = ke → Q1.
- Read: Required practical: Force and extension.
- Draw: Key Diagrams: Forces → diagram 53 (practical set-up) 🔍 and diagram 54 (force–extension graph) 🔍.
- Fill the gaps: Fill the gaps: Forces → passage 3 (work done and springs) and passage 10 (force and extension practical).
- Practise: F = ke → Q2–Q10, the Forces and Elasticity questions, and the practical’s exam-style questions.
Lesson 4 – Moments, levers and gears (S only)
- Read and copy notes: Moments, Levers and Gears → notes and copy box.
- Copy definition: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 8 “What is the moment of a force?”
- Copy worked example: Moments: M = Fd → Q1.
- Draw: Key Diagrams: Forces → diagram 55 (balanced seesaw) 🔍 and diagram 56 (gears) 🔍. See also 🔍 levers.
- Fill the gaps: Fill the gaps: Forces → passage 4 (moments and pressure in fluids) – first half.
- Practise: M = Fd → Q2–Q10 and the Moments, Levers and Gears questions.
Lesson 5 – Pressure in fluids and upthrust (S only; p = hρg HT)
- Read and copy notes: Pressure in Fluids and Upthrust → notes and copy box.
- Copy definition: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 18 “What is pressure?”
- Copy worked examples: Pressure: p = F/A → Q1. (HT) Pressure in a liquid: p = hρg → Q1.
- Draw: Key Diagrams: Forces → diagram 57 (pressure increases with depth) 🔍 and diagram 58 (upthrust) 🔍.
- Fill the gaps: Fill the gaps: Forces → finish passage 4.
- Practise: Q2–Q10 on the pressure equation pages and the Pressure in Fluids questions.
Lesson 6 – Speed, velocity and motion graphs (C+S; tangents HT)
- Read and copy notes: Motion Graphs → notes and the copy box table.
- Copy definition: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 9 “Speed vs velocity”.
- Copy worked examples: Distance, speed and time: s = vt → Q1, and Motion Graphs → Q7 (distance from the area under a velocity–time graph).
- Draw: Key Diagrams: Forces → diagram 59 (distance–time graph shapes) 🔍 and diagram 60 (velocity–time graph) 🔍. (HT) See also 🔍 tangent to a curve.
- Fill the gaps: Fill the gaps: Forces → passage 5 (speed, velocity and motion graphs).
- Practise: Motion Graphs → Q1–Q4, Q6 and Q8; s = vt → Q2–Q10; then Motion graph activities.
Lesson 7 – Acceleration (C+S)
- Copy definition: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 10 “What is acceleration?”
- Copy worked examples: Acceleration: a = Δv/t → Q1 and Uniform acceleration: v² − u² = 2as → Q1.
- Practise: Motion Graphs → Q5, then Q2–Q10 on both equation pages.
Lesson 8 – Newton’s laws and the acceleration practical (C+S; inertia HT)
- Read and copy notes: Newton’s Laws → the three laws table and the copy box.
- Copy definitions: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 11, 12 and 13 (Newton’s first, second and third laws) and (HT) 14 “What is inertia?”
- Copy worked examples: Newton’s Laws → Q3 (acceleration of a trolley) and Q7 (two skaters pushing apart).
- Read: Required practical: Acceleration.
- Draw: Key Diagrams: Forces → diagram 61 (acceleration practical) 🔍 and diagram 66 (Newton’s third law – rocket) 🔍.
- Fill the gaps: Fill the gaps: Forces → passage 6 (Newton’s laws) and passage 11 (acceleration practical).
- Practise: Newton’s Laws → the remaining questions; F = ma → Q1–Q10; and the practical’s exam-style questions.
- Lesson activity: Skate Park Physics.
Lesson 9 – Terminal velocity (C+S)
- Read and copy notes: Terminal Velocity → notes and copy box.
- Copy definition: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 15 “What is terminal velocity?”
- Draw: Key Diagrams: Forces → diagram 62 (skydiver at each stage) 🔍 and diagram 63 (skydiver velocity–time graph) 🔍.
- Fill the gaps: Fill the gaps: Forces → passage 7 (terminal velocity).
- Practise: the questions on Terminal Velocity.
- Lesson activities: Skydive Challenge or Parachute Test Lab.
Lesson 10 – Stopping distances (C+S)
- Read and copy notes: Stopping Distances → notes and copy box.
- Copy definition: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 16 “What is the stopping distance of a vehicle?”
- Copy worked example: Stopping Distances → Q5 (thinking distance at 20 m/s).
- Draw: Key Diagrams: Forces → diagram 64 (stopping distance bars) 🔍. See also 🔍 ruler-drop reaction time test.
- Fill the gaps: Fill the gaps: Forces → passage 8 (stopping distance).
- Practise: Stopping Distances → Q1–Q4, Q6–Q8.
- Lesson activity: Road Safety Campaign.
Lesson 11 – Momentum (C+S HT; safety features and F = mΔv/Δt S only HT)
- Read and copy notes: Conservation of Momentum and Safety Features → notes and copy box.
- Copy definition: Forces topic page → Key definitions → 17 “Law of conservation of momentum”.
- Copy worked examples: Momentum: p = mv → Q1. (S only) F = mΔv/Δt → Q1.
- Draw: Key Diagrams: Forces → diagram 65 (collision before and after) 🔍. (S only) See also 🔍 car safety features.
- Fill the gaps: Fill the gaps: Forces → passage 9 (momentum).
- Practise: Q2–Q10 on the momentum equation pages and the Conservation of Momentum questions.
- Lesson activity (S only): Crash Test Engineer.
Lesson 12 – Review and test (C+S)
- Read: Forces topic page → “⚠️ Where students lose marks”. Copy the three you think you’d get wrong.
- Test yourself: Forces topic page → cover the answers and try all 18 Key definitions.
- Mind map: Mind map guide → Forces.
- Redraw from memory: diagrams 49, 62 and 64 from Key Diagrams: Forces, then check them.
- Quiz: Forces quiz – 20 questions. Mark it and work out your percentage.
- Exam practice: AQA past papers → Paper 2 forces questions.