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Specification: AQA A-level Physics (7408) 3.13 Electronics option  |  Paper: 3 Section B  |  Data and formulae booklet: given in the exam

Every equation in the Electronics option has its own page: key definitions, the equation with units, and 10 ramped questions from core to stretch, each with a full worked solution.

🛒 All the equations in one place: the AQA A-level Every Key Equation PowerPoint has 127 equations, 381 practice questions and 15 derivations for £12.

Signals and filters (3.13.2–3.13.3)

• Sampling and bit rate (3.13.2.1)
• LC resonant filter: f₀ = 1/(2π√(LC)) (3.13.3.1)
• Q factor: Q = f₀/f_B (3.13.3.1)
• Op-amp comparator: V_out = A_OL(V₊ − V₋) (3.13.3.2)

Operational amplifier circuits (3.13.4)

• Inverting amplifier: V_out/V_in = −R_f/R_in (3.13.4.1)
• Non-inverting amplifier: V_out/V_in = 1 + R_f/R₁ (3.13.4.2)
• Summing amplifier (3.13.4.3)
• Difference amplifier (3.13.4.3)
• Gain × bandwidth = constant (3.13.4.4)

How to use these pages: work every question on paper first. Check every op-amp answer against the saturation voltage, keep track of the minus sign for inverting circuits, and convert kHz, MHz, μF and nF before substituting.

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